Neuron Model Reference — 122 Python / 111 Rust¶

SC-NeuroCore provides 122 neuron models in Python (108 bio in models/ + 5 core + 9 AI-optimized) and 111 Rust implementations callable via PyO3 bindings. Both backends expose identical step() / reset() / get_state() interfaces.

Quick Start¶

# Python backend (default)
from sc_neurocore.neurons.models import HodgkinHuxleyNeuron
hh = HodgkinHuxleyNeuron()
spike = hh.step(current=10.0)

# Rust backend (faster, identical interface)
from sc_neurocore_engine.sc_neurocore_engine import HodgkinHuxleyNeuron
hh_rs = HodgkinHuxleyNeuron()
spike = hh_rs.step(current=10.0)

Backend Selection¶

Backend	Import path	Use case
Python	`sc_neurocore.neurons.models`	Prototyping, parameter tuning, debugging
Rust	`sc_neurocore_engine.sc_neurocore_engine`	Production, benchmarks, batch simulation

Both backends use identical class names (e.g., HodgkinHuxleyNeuron). The Rust engine exposes 111 of the 122 Python models (all bio models + ArcaneNeuron).

Model Catalogue¶

Trivial IF Variants (18 models)¶

Python Class	Rust Class	Reference
`QuadraticIFNeuron`	`QuadraticIFNeuron`	Latham et al. 2000
`ThetaNeuron`	`ThetaNeuron`	Ermentrout & Kopell 1986
`PerfectIntegratorNeuron`	`PerfectIntegratorNeuron`	—
`GatedLIFNeuron`	`GatedLIFNeuron`	—
`NonlinearLIFNeuron`	`NonlinearLIFNeuron`	Touboul & Brette 2008
`SFANeuron`	`SFANeuron`	Benda & Herz 2003
`MATNeuron`	`MATNeuron`	Kobayashi et al. 2009
`EscapeRateNeuron`	`EscapeRateNeuron`	Gerstner 2000
`KLIFNeuron`	`KLIFNeuron`	Eshraghian et al. 2021
`InhibitoryLIFNeuron`	`InhibitoryLIFNeuron`	—
`ComplementaryLIFNeuron`	`ComplementaryLIFNeuron`	—
`ParametricLIFNeuron`	`ParametricLIFNeuron`	Fang et al. 2021
`NonResettingLIFNeuron`	`NonResettingLIFNeuron`	Brette 2004
`AdaptiveThresholdIFNeuron`	`AdaptiveThresholdIFNeuron`	Platkiewicz & Brette 2010
`SigmaDeltaNeuron`	`SigmaDeltaNeuron`	—
`EnergyLIFNeuron`	`EnergyLIFNeuron`	Sengupta et al. 2013
`IntegerQIFNeuron`	`IntegerQIFNeuron`	—
`ClosedFormContinuousNeuron`	`ClosedFormContinuousNeuron`	Hasani et al. 2022

Simple Spiking (20 models)¶

Python Class	Rust Class	Reference
`FitzHughNagumoNeuron`	`FitzHughNagumoNeuron`	FitzHugh 1961
`MorrisLecarNeuron`	`MorrisLecarNeuron`	Morris & Lecar 1981
`HindmarshRoseNeuron`	`HindmarshRoseNeuron`	Hindmarsh & Rose 1984
`ResonateAndFireNeuron`	`ResonateAndFireNeuron`	Izhikevich 2001
`FitzHughRinzelNeuron`	`FitzHughRinzelNeuron`	Rinzel 1987
`McKeanNeuron`	`McKeanNeuron`	McKean 1970
`TermanWangOscillator`	`TermanWangOscillator`	Terman & Wang 1995
`BendaHerzNeuron`	`BendaHerzNeuron`	Benda & Herz 2003
`AlphaNeuron`	`AlphaNeuron`	—
`COBALIFNeuron`	`COBALIFNeuron`	Brette et al. 2007
`GutkinErmentroutNeuron`	`GutkinErmentroutNeuron`	Gutkin & Ermentrout 1998
`WilsonHRNeuron`	`WilsonHRNeuron`	Wilson 1999
`ChayNeuron`	`ChayNeuron`	Chay 1985
`ChayKeizerNeuron`	`ChayKeizerNeuron`	Chay & Keizer 1983
`ShermanRinzelKeizerNeuron`	`ShermanRinzelKeizerNeuron`	Sherman et al. 1988
`ButeraRespiratoryNeuron`	`ButeraRespiratoryNeuron`	Butera et al. 1999
`EPropALIFNeuron`	`EPropALIFNeuron`	Bellec et al. 2020
`SuperSpikeNeuron`	`SuperSpikeNeuron`	Zenke & Ganguli 2018
`LearnableNeuronModel`	`LearnableNeuronModel`	—
`PernarowskiNeuron`	`PernarowskiNeuron`	Pernarowski 1994

Discrete Maps (6 models)¶

Python Class	Rust Class	Reference
`ChialvoMapNeuron`	`ChialvoMapNeuron`	Chialvo 1995
`RulkovMapNeuron`	`RulkovMapNeuron`	Rulkov 2001
`IbarzTanakaMapNeuron`	`IbarzTanakaMapNeuron`	Ibarz et al. 2011
`MedvedevMapNeuron`	`MedvedevMapNeuron`	Medvedev 2005
`CazellesMapNeuron`	`CazellesMapNeuron`	Cazelles et al. 2001
`CourageNekorkinMapNeuron`	`CourageNekorkinMapNeuron`	Courbage & Nekorkin 2010

Biophysical / Conductance-Based (20 models)¶

Python Class	Rust Class	Reference
`HodgkinHuxleyNeuron`	`HodgkinHuxleyNeuron`	Hodgkin & Huxley 1952
`TraubMilesNeuron`	`TraubMilesNeuron`	Traub & Miles 1991
`WangBuzsakiNeuron`	`WangBuzsakiNeuron`	Wang & Buzsáki 1996
`ConnorStevensNeuron`	`ConnorStevensNeuron`	Connor et al. 1977
`DestexheThalamicNeuron`	`DestexheThalamicNeuron`	Destexhe et al. 1993
`HuberBraunNeuron`	`HuberBraunNeuron`	Braun et al. 1998
`GolombFSNeuron`	`GolombFSNeuron`	Golomb et al. 2007
`PospischilNeuron`	`PospischilNeuron`	Pospischil et al. 2008
`MainenSejnowskiNeuron`	`MainenSejnowskiNeuron`	Mainen & Sejnowski 1996
`DeSchutterPurkinjeNeuron`	`DeSchutterPurkinjeNeuron`	De Schutter & Bower 1994
`PlantR15Neuron`	`PlantR15Neuron`	Plant & Kim 1976
`PrescottNeuron`	`PrescottNeuron`	Prescott et al. 2008
`MihalasNieburNeuron`	`MihalasNieburNeuron`	Mihalas & Niebur 2009
`GLIFNeuron`	`GLIFNeuron`	Allen Institute GLIF5
`GIFPopulationNeuron`	`GIFPopulationNeuron`	Mensi et al. 2012
`AvRonCardiacNeuron`	`AvRonCardiacNeuron`	Av-Ron et al. 1991
`DurstewitzDopamineNeuron`	`DurstewitzDopamineNeuron`	Durstewitz et al. 2000
`HillTononiNeuron`	`HillTononiNeuron`	Hill & Tononi 2005
`BertramPhantomBurster`	`BertramPhantomBurster`	Bertram et al. 2000
`YamadaNeuron`	`YamadaNeuron`	Yamada et al. 1989

Multi-Compartment (7 models)¶

Python Class	Rust Class	Reference
`PinskyRinzelNeuron`	`PinskyRinzelNeuron`	Pinsky & Rinzel 1994
`HayL5PyramidalNeuron`	`HayL5PyramidalNeuron`	Hay et al. 2011
`MarderSTGNeuron`	`MarderSTGNeuron`	Marder & Calabrese 1996
`RallCableNeuron`	`RallCableNeuron`	Rall 1964
`BoothRinzelNeuron`	`BoothRinzelNeuron`	Booth et al. 1997
`DendrifyNeuron`	`DendrifyNeuron`	Beniaguev et al. 2022
`TwoCompartmentLIFNeuron`	`TwoCompartmentLIFNeuron`	—

Stochastic / Population / Neural Mass (13 models)¶

Python Class	Rust Class	Reference
`PoissonNeuron`	`PoissonNeuron`	—
`InhomogeneousPoissonNeuron`	`InhomogeneousPoissonNeuron`	—
`GammaRenewalNeuron`	`GammaRenewalNeuron`	—
`StochasticIFNeuron`	`StochasticIFNeuron`	—
`GalvesLocherbachNeuron`	`GalvesLocherbachNeuron`	Galves & Löcherbach 2013
`SpikeResponseNeuron`	`SpikeResponseNeuron`	Gerstner 1995 (SRM0)
`GLMNeuron`	`GLMNeuron`	Pillow et al. 2008
`WilsonCowanUnit`	`WilsonCowanUnit`	Wilson & Cowan 1972
`JansenRitUnit`	`JansenRitUnit`	Jansen & Rit 1995
`WongWangUnit`	`WongWangUnit`	Wong & Wang 2006
`ErmentroutKopellPopulation`	`ErmentroutKopellPopulation`	Montbrió et al. 2015
`WendlingNeuron`	`WendlingNeuron`	Wendling et al. 2002
`LarterBreakspearNeuron`	`LarterBreakspearNeuron`	Breakspear et al. 2003

Hardware Chip Emulators (9 models)¶

Python Class	Rust Class	Reference
`LoihiCUBANeuron`	`LoihiCUBANeuron`	Davies et al. 2018 (Intel Loihi)
`Loihi2Neuron`	`Loihi2Neuron`	Intel Loihi 2
`TrueNorthNeuron`	`TrueNorthNeuron`	Merolla et al. 2014 (IBM)
`BrainScaleSAdExNeuron`	`BrainScaleSAdExNeuron`	Schemmel et al. 2010
`SpiNNakerLIFNeuron`	`SpiNNakerLIFNeuron`	Furber et al. 2014
`SpiNNaker2Neuron`	`SpiNNaker2Neuron`	TU Dresden 2024
`DPINeuron`	`DPINeuron`	Bartolozzi & Indiveri 2007
`AkidaNeuron`	`AkidaNeuron`	BrainChip
`NeuroGridNeuron`	`NeuroGridNeuron`	Boahen 2014

Rate / Plasticity / Other (12 models)¶

Python Class	Rust Class	Reference
`McCullochPittsNeuron`	`McCullochPittsNeuron`	McCulloch & Pitts 1943
`SigmoidRateNeuron`	`SigmoidRateNeuron`	Wilson & Cowan 1972
`ThresholdLinearRateNeuron`	`ThresholdLinearRateNeuron`	—
`AstrocyteModel`	`AstrocyteModel`	Li & Rinzel 1994
`TsodyksMarkramNeuron`	`TsodyksMarkramNeuron`	Tsodyks & Markram 1997
`LiquidTimeConstantNeuron`	`LiquidTimeConstantNeuron`	Hasani et al. 2021
`CompteWMNeuron`	`CompteWMNeuron`	Compte et al. 2000
`SiegertTransferFunction`	`SiegertTransferFunction`	Siegert 1951
`FractionalLIFNeuron`	`FractionalLIFNeuron`	Teka et al. 2014
`ParallelSpikingNeuron`	`ParallelSpikingNeuron`	Fang et al. 2023
`AmariNeuralField`	`AmariNeuralField`	Amari 1977
`LeakyCompeteFireNeuron`	`LeakyCompeteFireNeuron`	—

Core IF (Rust neuron.rs) (3 models)¶

Python Class	Rust Class	Reference
`AdExNeuron`	`AdExNeuron`	Brette & Gerstner 2005
`ExpIFNeuron`	`ExpIFNeuron`	Fourcaud-Trocmé et al. 2003
`LapicqueNeuron`	`LapicqueNeuron`	Lapicque 1907

Common Interface¶

All models share:

model.step(current)   # → int (spike: 1/0) or float (firing rate)
model.reset()         # → None (restore initial conditions)
model.get_state()     # → dict of current state variables

Multi-input models accept additional arguments: - AlphaNeuron.step(exc_current, inh_current) - COBALIFNeuron.step(current, delta_ge, delta_gi) - PinskyRinzelNeuron.step(current_soma, current_dend) - TsodyksMarkramNeuron.step(current, presynaptic_spike) - CompteWMNeuron.step(current, spike_in)

Neural mass models return float (firing rate or EEG potential): - WilsonCowanUnit, JansenRitUnit, WendlingNeuron - ErmentroutKopellPopulation, LarterBreakspearNeuron - SigmoidRateNeuron, SiegertTransferFunction

AI-Optimized (9 models)¶

Novel neuron models designed for AI workloads, not biological simulation. Located in neurons/models/ai_optimized.py and neurons/models/arcane_neuron.py.

Python Class	Rust Class	Key Feature
`ArcaneNeuron`	`ArcaneNeuron`	5-compartment self-referential cognition: fast (5ms), working memory (200ms), deep context (10s), attention gate, forward self-model. Identity accumulates in the deep compartment. Confidence modulates threshold and meta-learning rate. Sotek & Arcane Sapience 2026.
`MultiTimescaleNeuron`	—	Three-compartment (fast/medium/slow) with context-dependent threshold modulation
`AttentionGatedNeuron`	—	Learned sigmoid gate (key/query weights) selectively filters input
`PredictiveCodingNeuron`	—	Fires only on prediction errors (novel stimuli), silent on expected input
`SelfReferentialNeuron`	—	Introspects own spike history to auto-regulate firing dynamics
`CompositionalBindingNeuron`	—	Phase-coding for variable binding; in-phase = bound concepts
`DifferentiableSurrogateNeuron`	—	Trainable surrogate gradient parameters (alpha, beta, theta)
`ContinuousAttractorNeuron`	—	Ring attractor with Mexican-hat connectivity for continuous working memory
`MetaPlasticNeuron`	—	Self-regulating meta-learning rate based on error trace